The people around him Essay Example for Free

The individuals around him Essay These two sonnets are expounded on altogether different subjects yet the two of them investigate the topic of treachery. In the primary sonnet ‘Havisham’, the writer Carol Anne Duffy utilizes Mrs. Havisham, an anecdotal character from the surely understand novel ‘Great Expectations’ by Charles Dickens, as her all-inclusive allegory for selling out. In the second sonnet ‘Kid’ by Simon Armitage, the artist presents the topic of selling out from a marginally alternate point of view utilizing ‘Batman and Robin’ as his abstract vanity. Both Havisham and Kid highlight abstract vanities through which the writers pass on the characters considerations to the peruser. In Havisham, Duffy utilizes her picked analogy as the title. This makes the subject of selling out known to the peruser from the very beginning of the sonnet. Duffy asexualises the principle character in the title through the nonappearance of the pronoun â€Å"Mrs†. This puts additional accentuation on Mrs. Havisham’s allegorical importance. In kid, Armitage utilizes the all-encompassing similitude (Batman and Robin) to mockingly impact the speakers’ job inversion of his youth relationship with his stepfather who left him and his mom, to be involved with another lady. The two sonnets utilize solid plosives in the initial line of the sonnet. Havisham begins with the expression â€Å"Beloved darling bastard†. The redundancy of the letter ‘b’ gives the sonnet a prompt forceful tone and brings out resentment. This expression is likewise a paradoxical expression; the writer is communicating the characters undesirable perspective through the polarization of feeling. This is an aftereffect of these two inclination, love and detest, are hostile, but then both experienced by the speaker to their limits. Simon Armitage in kid likewise utilizes plosives to stress the resentment and savagery communicated all through the sonnet models incorporate, â€Å"Batman, large shot† and â€Å"punching the palm of your hand†. Consequently, the two sonnets use plosives so as to pick up a similar impact, accentuation on animosity and outrage. Dress is another normal gadget utilized by the two writers to communicate the characters perspective. In Havisham the speaker appears to utilize apparel to pass on a more profound significance to the peruser. â€Å"Loves detest behind a white veil† This paradoxical expression presents two overpowering conflicting feeling. This shows in spite of the fact that the speaker is furious there is likewise an increasingly refined side to her. Anyway in kid, the depiction of dress is far less complex; â€Å"now I’ve doffed that off-the-shoulder/Sherwood-woodland green and red number for some pants and team neck jumper† . The speaker in kid assesses his adulthood through his attire, which shows that he doesn't work well in the public eye. The garments that have a place with youth is the â€Å"Sherwood-woods green and red number† and the â€Å"pair of pants and team neck jumper† have a place with adulthood. The speaker shows adolescence by depicting his adulthood regarding outside excellencies. This would appear to be genuinely ordinary rather than Havisham, which alludes to apparel as a feature of a wise artistic gadget, which along these lines affects the peruser. Enjambment is utilized in the two sonnets, with every artist utilizing this method to make various consequences for the peruser. In Havisham, Duffy utilizes enjambment to develop sensational pressure in the sonnet. The enjambment utilized in Havisham conflicts with typical structure in verse; â€Å"who did this/to me?†, the impact that is made by the considerations of the speaker running over from one line to the next, underscores the incredible annoyance felt by the speaker now. This utilization of enjambment is doubly helpful, for this situation as the general impact of the enjambed lines is that the thought appears as a tirade. Armitage makes a state of mind of animosity in Kid, halfway brought about by the structure of the sonnet. Child is introduced in four long intermittent sentences with different sub-statements, enjambed over about each line. One of the numerous models can be seen on line one over to line two were the speaker says â€Å"when you provided the request/to develop up†. The emjabments utilized in kid additionally add to the threatening rant in the sonnet. In Havisham the structure of the sonnet looks like that of characteristic discourse. This outcomes in the sonnet being progressively naturalistic. Toward the finish of the sonnet Duffy utilizes the breakdown in musicality, â€Å"b-b-b-breaks† to accentuate the speaker’s feelings. By including this caesura Duffy shows the deterioration of language, which suggests the breakdown of psyche and the flimsy mental condition of the speaker because of the double-crossing. Thus in Kid, Simon Armitage likewise utilizes caesura’s to accentuate some catchphrases and topics inside the sonnet, â€Å"I’m taller, harder, more grounded, older†. Just as adding more noteworthy accentuation to the words, the utilization of commas between each word separates the musicality of the sonnet and likewise to Havisham causes the sonnet to surpass the limits of ordinary verse. This makes the sonnets assume the type of a tirade. Language gadgets are utilized in the two sonnets to improve the development of pressure. In Havisham, Duffy utilizes similar sounding word usage to develop strain and as expressed above, show the unfortunate perspective of the speaker. The case of this is â€Å"b-b-b-breaks†, this shows the sentiments of the speaker mounting up inside her, and she experiences issues getting them out. Her reluctance for this situation could likewise insinuate the speaker’s disgracefulness of herself and the state she is in. Duffy additionally utilizes sibilance to improve this impact, â€Å"Spinster, I stink†, this likewise could suggest a similar impact as already where the speaker is embarrassed about herself. The term old maid alludes to unmarried ladies of eligible age, and not at all like lone ranger has negative undertones. This utilization of sibilance cartons an undeniable impact to the sonnet the peruser can hear, see and smell Havisham in their brain. The sound similarity found in the subsequent refrain, â€Å"cawing Nooooo at the wall†, suggests that Havisham has been re-living in her brain the past occasions throughout her life, something that is frequently not mentally solid. The huge strict gadget found in Kid is the utilization of monotonous sound similarity which for this situation is all the lines finishing off with ‘r’: â€Å"order meander there rather corner †. These assonances evokes a ‘index blame dealing pugnaciously at the interlocutor’. The subsequent impact is that of mounting outrage and brutality in the speaker. In end Duffy loans sentiment and a terrible measurement to her character. So as to have a grievous measurement in a character, the character needs to have encountered a type of appalling occasion. For Havisham this was the disloyalty which makes her be absolutely mindful. Therefore this occasion will show itself in to the character of the speaker. This will make the peruser identify with the speaker. In Kid, Armitage presents a character who tries to gauge himself well at somebody else’s cost. This makes it a lot harder for the peruser to identify with the speaker in Kid than in Havisham. Because of this I feel that the speaker in Havisham is definitely more enthralling than the one in Kid. This is fundamentally because of the impact the awful occasion of selling out endured by the peruser, has influenced her conduct. This related to the different complex and etymological highlights in the sonnet make Havisham an all the more impressive and successful sonnet.

Feminimity and Masculinity in Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essays -- Trif

Feminimity and Masculinity in Trifles by Susan Glaspell Works Cited Not Included Wastes of time, a one-demonstration play, composed by Susan Glaspell, has a fascinating plot about an injurious husband?s murder on account of his mishandled spouse on a confined homestead in the Midwest (Russell, pg. 1). The initial scene of the play gives us a lot of data about the individuals of the play and their feelings. The play depicts the manners by which men treated ladies during this timespan. The men in the perusing mirrored a male-arranged society, which caused the ladies sentiments of constraint and unappreciation. All through the play the activities of Mrs. Wright, Mrs. Sound, and Mrs. Subsides take after that of Greek folklore, where three sisters controlled the destiny of men (Russell, pg. 1). The setting wherein most of the activity happens is the kitchen. The room is depicted as ? a desolate kitchen?- unwashed skillet under the sink, a portion of bread outside the bread-box, a drying towel on the table-and different indications of uncompleted works?(Roberts and Jones, pg.1150). This depiction should caution the peruser quickly that something isn't right. In when this play was occurring, the woman?s sole duty was to maintain the house in control. All that I have perused from this timespan has depicted the house as a perfect and composed spot for the man to get back home to. It should be a spot for rest and unwinding. The way that Mrs. Wright?s kitchen was in such disorder, represents that something was disturbing her. In the passage portraying the scene it is informed that the individuals entered the kitchen in the request for the sheriff, the region lawyer, and Hale. The sheriff?s spouse and Mrs. Sound followed behind the men, entering last... ...h her very own portion. ?Mrs. Sound emblematically asserts her situation as the individual who turns the string of life,? (Russell, pg. 1) relating back to Greek folklore. At the point when the men keep on kidding about Mrs. Wright?s expectation ?to stitch or simply hitch? it brings out a guarded reaction in Mrs. Sound which appears to caution them not to court disaster. The play closes with the ladies going out without passing on what they had figured out how to the men. They felt defended in settling on a choice not to tell as a result of the stooping perspectives of the men. Their decision was to do what was lawfully right and report their discoveries, or to hide reality and vindicate all ladies (Kearns, pg. 1). Mrs. Sound grabs the case from Mrs. Dwindles and places it in the pocket of her huge coat to disguise it. The ladies have no aims of uncovering their finds, and appear to ensure Mrs. Wright as far as possible.

How to Monetize a Blog 7 Kickass Pro Strategies

How to Monetize a Blog 7 Kickass Pro Strategies .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on March 7, 2020Now that you have your blog set up and traffic is coming your way, you’re ready to learn how to monetize a blog like the pros.You must have seen or heard about people who make a lot of money from blogs, theyve invested in their  sites, their blogs look amazing, they are making a killing, and they aren’t even afraid to show it off to their readers. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert So, where do we get you started?First, youll probably want to know how bloggers achieve all this right? Well lets dig into that first. Heres the best way:You might also like: Best blog hosting sites Table of Contents How to monetize a blog the best way: Email marketing to your own listMonetizing a blog: 7more excellent ways bloggers can make money1 . Affiliate Marketing2. Google AdSense3. Course and/or Services4. Consulting5. Paid Reviews6. Banner Ads7. eBooksHow to monetize a blog the best way: Email marketing to your own listList building refers to adding new subscribers to your email list. You can entice readers to subscribe by offering a free gift exclusive to subscribers and, of course, by consistently producing great content that people want to come back to.But how does this help you monetize? It keeps people in-the-know. When you launch your eCourse, start offering consulting services, or publish an eBook, your subscribers are going to be the first ones to care. So, if you want to see quick results after a launch, be sure you have an email list built up to gain access to a pool of interested individuals. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLe arn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches That’s not to mention that you can also monetize your email campaigns with banner ads and affiliate links, too. In some cases, you might even set up a separate paid subscription email list for exclusive tips and offers.If you want to start gathering your visitors you will need an email service. I recommend Constant Contact. Constant Contact has a 60-day free trial (no credit card required). After that their pricing starts as low as $20/month but I was able to get you 20% off if you click here!I like their servicebecause it isnt expensive, they have excellent support, and a great autoresponder management system.Affiliate marketingRunning ads like Google AdSenseCreating courses or servicesConsulting for people in your industryPaid reviews or sponsored postsbanner adsWriting and selling ebooks1. Affiliate MarketingAffiliate marketing is a type of performance-based marketing. As th e blogger, you include links to a product or service offered through another business’s affiliate program. If one of your visitors clicks on that link and purchases the good or service, you’ll receive a cut of the cost.I can teach you how to monetize a blog this way (check out my blogging course at the top of the site) as thats what we do here at Start Blogging Online.If you choose to join an affiliate program, it’s always a good idea to:Only promote products relevant to your niche.Only promote products you’ve personally used and recommend.Include a disclaimer on your site as to not mislead your readers.So how do you get involved in affiliate marketing? You can start by joining a popular program such as: ShareASaleAmazon AssociatesClickBankRakutenBut you don’t have to stick with just the big-name programs. Businesses can also set up their own programs for a single product or a small group of products, and you can become one of their affiliates. For instance, a fellow blo gger might offer an affiliate program for eBooks or eCourses in your niche, which would be a great opportunity for you since it’s highly relevant to your readers.How much can you make through affiliate links? Melissa Culbertson of Blog Clarity points out just two examples of a mommy blogger and decorative concrete blogger who make $20,000 and $32,000 per year respectively, and that’s with minimal visitors.2. Google AdSenseSome people start a blog solely for placing ads, and Google AdSense is one of the most popular ad networks around. Simply put, you make money by displaying ads on your site. There are two ways to start earning cash from Google AdSense:Based on impressions: This depends on page views. For instance, for every 1,000 page views you get, you earn a set dollar amount.Based on clicks: Regardless of page views, if a visitor clicks on the ad from your site, you’ll earn a certain cut of the ad revenue. This can range anywhere from $0.01 to a couple of dollars depending on the ad.AdSense is compatible with free Blogger blogs and self-hosted WordPress blogs, but keep in mind that it won’t work with a free WordPress blog (although you can monetize with WordAds if you have a custom domain).How much can you make with AdSense? Well, that all depends on your traffic and how many people are willing to click on your ads. (Remember that you should never click on your own ads since Google can penalize you for it.) Pat Flynn of Smart Passive Income has reported earning upwards of $3,000 per month on AdSense revenue alone, but other bloggers like Spencer Haws of Niche Pursuits have reported earnings well over $10,000 per month.3. Course and/or ServicesIf you’re already teaching your visitors through your blog, why not create an exclusive learning opportunity by building a paid online course? A common way to sell these courses is by setting up an 8-week course through automated email messages or releasing the full package all at once so students can work a t their own pace. Just some examples of online courses include:Audience Business Masterclass (from Firepole Marketing)Article Writing Masterclass (by Carol Tice and Linda Formichelli)Social Media Training for Serious Marketers (from Market Motive)How much can you make selling eCourse memberships? Again, this all depends on how much you sell it for and how many people are willing to purchase the course. Gina Horkey of Horkey Handbook made over $1,000 in her first month after launching a freelance writing eCourse.Like courses, you can also offer services. For example, many bloggers are also freelance writers, and they get paid to write blog content for other people. Other common services include speaking engagements and private coaching. Depending on your niche, you can get more specific. A wedding blogger, for instance, might offer wedding planning services.4. ConsultingConsulting is another popular way to make money through your blog’s traffic. With these services, you charge a fe e to give feedback to readers. For example, let’s say you blog about social media. You could charge $75 for a one-hour Skype session where you discuss your client’s social media strategy. Along with the Skype call, you might send a full written report via email on how to improve that strategy.Let’s look at a few examples. Jim Connolly of Jim’s Marketing Blog sells two-hour-long “Pick My Brain” sessions for $319 a pop to discuss marketing tactics. Sophie Lizard of Be a Freelance Blogger sells one-on-one mentoring sessions for freelance bloggers in packages ranging from $197 to $497.5. Paid ReviewsIf you’re generating a decent amount of traffic, you might be approached by a business looking to sponsor your site. There are usually two requests you get in these cases:Paid reviews orsponsorship postsPaid reviews are when the business sends you their product and pays you to write a review about it, but you are not obligated to write a positive review. Alternatively, some bus inesses will sponsor a specific post in exchange for a link back to their site. It is an ethical practice to disclose the sponsorship to your readers.6. Banner AdsBanner ads are just what they sound like. They’re ads you place in “banner” style, usually in your sidebar. The business sponsoring the ad will often pay you monthly to keep the ad up on your site.7. eBooksWriting eBooks is a super popular way to start selling a unique product in your industry, and it’s ideal for pretty much any niche. With so many self-publishing opportunities available, too, it’s easy to get your book published and ready to sell with major retailers like Amazon or directly on your site.How much money can you make? Darren Rowse of ProBlogger reports earning $72,000 in just one week after launching his eBook on blogging. If you’re not terribly well-known, you can still make a decent chunk of cash. Steve Gillman reports at The Penny Hoarder that he made about $2,000 from an eBook on ultralight b ackpacking that he wrote in just a few days.Need more advice on how to monetize a blog?Click the link at the top of the page to join my free blogging course where I give more tips on all aspects of blogging weekly! Best blogging books

Differing Theoretical Approaches Used by Mental Health Practitioners - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2942 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The aim of this essay is to explore and explain how differing theoretical approaches used by mental health practitioners can affect the way care is provided. This will be achieved through examining the influences of each model and their effects upon the practice of mental health care. Some historical information will be provided to give explanation of the background into the evolution of social and moral perspectives that have shaped mental health care practice throughout the ages. There are 3 principle theoretical approaches used in practice today those being the biological, psychological and social models. People who exhibited behaviour that deviated from what society considered the norm would be considered to have an evil mind. Treatment during these times would be conducted in the forms of spiritualistic ceremonies and crude forms of brain surgery, (trepanning) done by the shaman. The motive for this practice would be to allow evil spirits to be released. It has been suggested that stone-age cave dwellers may have treated behaviour disorders with this treatment of trepanation. Sue et al, 1990). It appears inevitable that they explained mental illness through a non-scientific cause, because they had not developed scientific techniques to provide a materialistic cause. The supernatural concept of mental illness still existed throughout ancient times with many civilisations such as the Egyptians, Greeks and the Roman Empire believing the cause to be one of a s upernatural reason. It was with the ancient Egyptians came the first signs of changes to the treatment of the mentally ill. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Differing Theoretical Approaches Used by Mental Health Practitioners" essay for you Create order Egyptians like the early Stone Age societies mainly regarded mental illness as magical or religious in nature; however their society which was obsessed with life after death meant that the health of the mind or soul played an essential part in ones overall health. There is evidence to suggest that an ancient temple near Saqqara was being used as a rudimentary hospital for the treatment of the mentally ill which could mean that Egyptian society with its fixation on the health of the soul has the first recorded evidence of a mental healthcare system for their society. (Flanigan, 2003) According to Davison Neale, the Greek philosophy of mental illness was a doctrine of demonology that an evil being, such as the devil dwells within an individual and controls their mind and body. However in contrast to this Hippocrates (460-355bc) believed in a biological cause of mental illness. His belief about the treatment of mental illness extended to a kind of brain pathology that was to be treated with proper diet, drink and abstinence from sexual activity (Davison Neale, 1997). The Greek concept of mental illness was well spread through to the Roman Empire. Platos (428-348 B. C. ) regarded mind as a cause of madness. He believed that the cause of mental illness is a persons ignorance of a psyche; the force that kept the human being alive; which leads to the self-deception (Mora, 1985). It was at that point that a psychological viewpoint of mental illness was also presented. During this era many thought that both mind and body was a cause of mental illness but, unfortunately both approaches could not be synchronised, so the mind and body position went separately through this period. During the middle ages the Hippocratic viewpoint of mental illness was gaining prominence with many doctors believing the causes of mental illness to have a biological basis. Constantinus Africanus (1020-1087) founder of the first medical school founded in Salerno, claimed melancholia was a result of an excess of bile causing an imbalance to the system of the body. (Mora, 1985) Later during the renaissance period (15th-16th century) there had been a period of witch-mania, which led to Pope Innocent the 8th sending monks to be the inquisitors of witches. From this the Malleus Maleficarun (1486) â€Å"the witchs hammer was published serving as the instruction manual for the inquisitors (Romm Friedman, 1994). During this time the mentally ill were among those persecuted and witchcraft or possession was declared as the cause of their illness. This witchcraft hysteria pushed the biological theories on mental illness backwards as those who favoured applying a biological theory to the illness feared the punishment of the inquisition. It wasnt until the 18th century that a major shift from the supernatural explanation to clinical explanation of mental illness happened. This was through a complete rejection of witchcraft and various other scientific accomplishments in other areas. Legislation was created by the government to â€Å"deal† with what they considered as undesirables leading to the birth of mad houses for the purpose of detaining individuals. Acts such as The Vagrancy Act (1744) and the Mad Houses Act (1744) were created during this time. From these newly formed acts care for the mentally ill was based upon institutionalised care which saw the building of large asylums used to house the mentally ill using the medical model of treatment. The medical model is based on a biological theory with the aim to find medical treatments for diagnosed symptoms; this model treats the body as a very complex mechanism as it attempted to offer physical pathological explanations to mental illness. Mental illness was regarded as being ill and requiring medical treatment and intervention. According to Davison Neale, an important contribution to the biological aetiology was Louis Pasteur’s establishment of the germ theory of disease, which claims that disease is caused by infection of the body by minute organisms. This theory provides an excellent basis to develop the aetiology of specific mental disorders due to viral diseases. The changes in physical pathology are believed to result in symptomatic changes of mood, behaviour, perception and thoughts that characterise the medical diagnosis of mental illnesses. The field of Psychiatry uses the tool of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to make diagnoses. It lists over 200 mental health conditions and the criteria required for each one in making the diagnosis Treatments for mental illness through the medical model are based upon reliving of symptoms through medical interventions and providing a cure. These medical interventions would be delivered in medical settings such as hospitals and involve treatments such as: E. C. T. and medication. These treatments are aimed to cure the symptoms and behaviour associated with mental illness. The medication aims to combat the chemical imbalance that the medical model has attributed to the cause of most mental illnesses. Schizophrenia is one of the most commonly diagnosed severe mental illnesses with the most widely used form of treatment is the use of anti-psychotic medication. Anti-psychotic drugs are believed to work by changing the activity of chemicals that transmit messages in the brain. The chemical they work on is dopamine. All antipsychotic drugs can cause side effects but these can be different for each patient. The medical model tends to define recovery in negative terms; symptoms and complaints need to be eliminated, illnesses need to be cured or removed. Patients need to be relieved of their conditions and returned to their pre morbid, healthy, or more accurately not-ill state (Pratt, 2007) The Mental Health Act (1983) defines individuals suffering with mental illness as patients. The Act deals with people who have a mental disorder; it contains the effect of detention and covers the interests of a persons health and safety. This act supports the medical model by determining that treatment is needed for the persons disorder implying the same basic philosophy of the medical model of diagnosis, treatment, and cure. The social model examines our relationship and the environment. It was developed in response to the medical model and the impact it had on individual’s life. The social model provides a different perspective, it does not concern with how bad a person’s illness is. It establishes that society erects barriers that prevent people, in turn restricting their opportunities. The philosophy of the social model is to rid society of these barriers, rather than relying on curing the person. The social models primary focus is being on family and group relationships. It considers the social class, risk, vulnerability increase. Early life experiences, peer group, education and sexual experiences are also considered important. The social model of care aims to give other reasons for mental illness, in that it is not just biological. It gives explanation through the environmental factors of life. The social model philosophy is that illness is caused by the society in which we live and is not the fault of an individual person, or an inevitable consequence of their limitations. Recovery is a life orientation that highlights the potential of people with severe mental illness to seek increasingly productive and meaningful lives through activities of their own choosing The Psychological model is based upon the academic field of psychology. It attempts to explain mental illness through study of the human mind and behaviour. Psychology applies knowledge from the field of study to aspects of human activity, including the problems of individuals daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychologys primary concern is the interaction of mental processes and behaviour and not simply the biological of neutral processes themselves. In 1879 Wilhelm founded a laboratory at the Leipzig University in Germany specifically to focus on the study of psychology. William James later published his 1890 book, Principles of Psychology which laid many of the foundations for the sorts of questions that psychologists would focus on for years to come. The psychological model of care is split into three areas of theory. * Behavioural: inappropriate behaviour learned from negative life experiences, Behavioural Therapies/approaches focus on the need to re-learn more adaptive and appropriate patterns. * Cognitive: perception and interpretation of the world. * Psychoanalytical: Fixation at one of life’s earlier stages. Behaviourism is the psychological theory of the study of behaviour. It rejects the idea that internal mental states such as beliefs, desires, or goals can be studied scientifically. Behaviourism was the dominant model in psychology for much of the 20th century, largely because of the creation and successful application of conditioning theories as scientific models of behaviour. Cognitive psychology studies cognition, the mental processes underlying behaviour. It uses information processing as a framework for understanding the mind. Perception, learning, problem solving, memory, attention, language and emotion are all well researched areas. Cognitive psychology is associated with a school of thought known as cognitivism, whose adherents argue for an information processing model of mental function, informed by positivism and experimental psychology. Psychoanalytical Sigmund Freud, who was trained as a neurologist and had no formal training in experimental psychology, had invented and applied a method of psychotherapy known as psychoanalysis. Freuds understanding of the mind was largely based on interpretive methods and introspection, but was particularly focused on resolving mental distress and psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, probably because they tackled subjects such as sexuality and repression as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. Although Freuds theories are of virtually no interest today in psychology departments, his application of psychology to clinical work has been very influential. Jarvis, 2000) Psychotherapy treatments involve a range of techniques which use dialogue and communication and are intended to improve the mental health of the individual. Most forms of psychotherapy use spoken conversation; though some also use various other forms of communication such as writing, art work or touch. More often than not psychotherapy involves a t herapist and client on a one to one basis or as group. The therapy addresses specific forms of diagnosable mental illness, or everyday problems in meeting personal goals. Treatment of more everyday problems is referred to as counselling but the term is used interchangeably with psychotherapy. Psychotherapeutic interventions are often designed to treat the client in the medical model, although not all psychotherapeutic approaches follow the model of illness/cure. Some practitioners, such as humanistic schools, see themselves in an educational or helper role. Mental health care practice has now evolved into a mixture of the three models of care and is referred to as the bio psychosocial approach. The bio psychosocial approaches to treatment are broadly speaking holistic. Biological psychological and social factors are all incorporated into individual patient assessment. The bio psychosocial model of medicine is a way of looking at the mind and body of a patient as two important systems that are interlinked. The bio psychosocial model is also a technical term for the popular concept of the mind-body connection. This is in contrast to the traditional biomedical model of medicine. The bio psychosocial model draws a distinction between the actual pathological processes that cause disease, and the patients perception of their health and the effects on it, called the illness. As well as a separate existence of disease and illness, the bio psychosocial model states that the workings of the body can affect the mind, and the workings of the mind can affect the body. (Gilbert. P, 2002) stated that: At its best the bio psychosocial approach is holistic but is also more than that. The bio psychosocial approach addresses the complexity of interactions between different domains of functioning and argues that it is the interaction of domains that illuminate important processes. Gilbert, P (2002). Government policies and guidelines dictating the standards of care for the mentally ill now give consideration to the bio psychosocial approach to care. The National Service Framework for mental health was launched in 1999 and sets out how mental health services will be planned, delivered and monitored. The NSF lists seven standards that set targets for the mental health care of adults aged up to 65. These standards span five areas: health promotion and stigma, primary care and access to specialist services, needs of those with severe and enduring mental illness, carers needs, and suicide reduction are also considered. A primary concern of anti-psychiatry is that an individuals degree of adherence to communally, or majority, held values may be used to determine that persons level of mental health. Other organisations such as Mind Freedom International and World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry maintain that psychiatrists exaggerate the evidence of medication and minimize the evidence of adverse drug reaction. An article published through the anti-psychiatry movement stated that: Psychiatry should be abolished as a medical speciality because medical school education is not needed nor even helpful for doing counselling or so-called psychotherapy, because the perception of mental illness as a biological entity is mistaken, because psychiatrys treatments other than counselling or psychotherapy (primarily drugs and electroshock) hurt rather than help people, because non-psychiatric physicians are better able than psychiatrists to treat real brain disease, and because non-psychiatric physicia ns acceptance of psychiatry as a medical specialty is a poor reflection on the medical profession as a whole (Stevens. L, 2006). The medical profession does not have a precise understanding of why some individuals develop a psychiatric disorder and some do not. Some have developed a general theory to explain the causes of these disorders and their course over time called the stress vulnerability model. This theory was originally introduced as a means to explain some of the underlying causes of schizophrenia by Zubin ; Spring, (1977). Therefore Psychiatric disorders have a biological basis, but environmental factors can influence their course over time. The stress-vulnerability model points out that a positive outcome of a psychiatric disorder is more likely if environmental stress is minimized or managed well, medication is taken as prescribed, and alcohol and drug abuse are avoided. Conclusion Through the evolution of mental health care it has been made clear that the three separate models of medical, social and psychological approaches of care are not each in their own right complimentary to the holistic needs of individuals suffering with diagnoses of mental illness. Pressure from such groups as the Anti- Psychiatry movement is helping to change attitudes and perceptions about mental health. Critics of psychiatry generally do not dispute the notion that some people have emotional or psychological problems, or that some psychotherapies do not work for a problem. They do usually disagree with psychiatry on the source of these problems; the appropriateness of characterising these problems as illness and on what the proper management options are. Mental health care is delivered with assessments and needs of the individual being assessed through a collaborative approach of Effective Care Co-ordination. ECC assesses individual’s needs through the bio psychosocial philosophy i. e. : medical assessment, social needs and or psychological interventions. All mental health service users have a range of needs which no one treatment service or agency can meet alone; this system of ECC allows a service user access to the most relevant response. Hopefully providing the individual the necessary tenets of care they require. References: Davison, G. C. Neale, J. M. (1997) Abnormal psychology (7th Ed. ). New York, John Wiley ;Sons Inc. Department of Health. (1999) National Service Framework, Mental Health. The Stationary Office Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition. Copyright 2000 American Psychiatric Association. Gilbert, P. (2002) Clinical Psychology. Understanding the bio psychosocial approach: Conceptualisation. Kingsway Hospital, Derby. Flanagan, C. (2003) Psychology for AS: AQA Specification: The Complete Companion, Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes Ltd | | | | | | | | | Bottom of Form Mora,G. (1985) History of Psychiatry. Baltimore, M. D. : Williams ; Wilkins. Mental Health Act 1983. [Online] Available: https://www. dh. gov. k/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005756 [Accessed 3rd February 2010] Stevens, L. Why psychiatry should be abolished as a medical speciality. [Online] Available: https://antipsychiatry. org/abolish. htm. [Accessed 23rd February 2010] Sue, D et al. (1990) Understanding abnormal behaviour (3rd Ed. ). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. The 1832 Madhouse Act and the Metropolitan Commission in Lunacy from 1832 [Online] Available: https://studymore. org. uk/3s. htm [Accessed 25th February 2010] UPIAS [Online] Available: https://www. gmcdp. com/UPIAS. html [Accessed 6thMarch 2010] Zubin, J. ;

A Historical View of the Victorian Governess Essay

A Historical View of the Victorian Governess Although the governess serves as the heroine in Jane Eyre, she was not a popular figure in Victorian England. The governess did not have a social position worthy of attention (Peterson 4). Aristocratic and middle-class Victorians were not even sure how to treat the governess. She was from the same class, but her lack of financial stability made them view her as their inferior. Perhaps the clearest definition of the governess was stated by Lady Elizabeth Eastlake in the Quarterly Review: The real definition of a governess in the English sense, is a being who is our equal in birth, manners, and education, but our inferior in worldly wealth. Take a lady in every meaning of the word, born and†¦show more content†¦Victorian parents sought a woman who had the ability to teach their daughters the genteel accomplishments. This was the aim of female education. The ideal woman was one of leisure, who preformed no housework, and whose husband could support their unproductive habits (Peterson 5). The Victorians had a peculiar interest in the governess. It went beyond entertainment or economic analysis. The governess was the subject of many charitable endeavors. At least one appeal shows the sense that the dilemma of the governess was a problem that would touch donors personally. It was believed by the Victorians that There is probably no one who has not some relative or cherished friend either actually engaged in teaching, or having formerly been so engaged (Peterson 3). The governess most likely suffered from status incongruity, which means she is neither a servant nor thought of as full member of the employer’s class (Bell 3). 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Clinical Versus Counseling Psychology - 2178 Words

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Death Of A Salesman Biff Character Profile Essay Example For Students

Death Of A Salesman Biff Character Profile Essay Death of a Salesman Biff character profileBiff is one of the main characters in the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Biff is Willys and Lindas son. He was the star of the football team and had scholarships to 3 colleges, but he flunked math and couldnt graduate, so he tried to work at many different jobs, and failed at each. Finally, he decided to head out west, and work on farms. Biff came back home this spring, because he didnt know what he was doing with his life. Willy has mood swings and sometimes thinks very highly of Biff sometimes but other times he hates him. The day he came home Willy yelled at him, and because Biff admires his dad, he was depressed. He later reveals to Happy, after their double date, that all he wants is to work on a farm, without a shirt, doing manual labor. He wants Happy to come out west with him, to open a ranch, but Happy wont. To make his father happy, he says he will open a sporting goods store. Biff is an interesting character. He seems to adore his father, but he really doesnt. He finds out that his father has an affaire, and he looses all respect for him. He ends up forgetting everything Willy said, and steals something from every job that makes him loose it. He wants to change his father, and will do this by shockingly awakening him to the reality that something is wrong with him, and Biff tries to get his father to stop trying to kill himself. He wants his father to love him like he loves his father, but he will not, because of his mood swings, and the fact that sometimes he just hates Biff. Biff is a no nonsense kind of guy. He gets straight to the point, and doesnt beat around the bush. He cuts straight through it, and isnt afraid that the subject might be touchy or hurt peoples feelings. When Biff wasnt seen by Oliver, Happy wanted to make Willy happy, so he just told him that Biff got it, but Biff didnt want that. He told Willy that he didnt get the deal, but Willy refused to listen, so Biff just kept trying. He didnt care that it would hurt willy. When he confronted Willy in he end, he just yelled at him and brought him to the realization that he wasnt special, and that he was a dime a dozen. Willy eventually realizes this, and that is why he crashes the car and kills himself. Biff should be portrayed as a guy that doesnt take any nonsense. He should be firm with what he says, and shouldnt be influenced by others opinions. He has strong opinions himself, and should stick to them. He claims to know who he is, but he really doesnt. Biff should be kind of strong, and athletic, because he works on a farm. Bif does love Willy, deep down. He doesnt show it that much, because he insults him sometimes, but he does show lots of care for Willy, and didnt want him to kill himself, even though it seems as if he was driving Willy to it with all of the insults. Biff really loves his mother, and it really hurt him when she kicked him out of the house. He hates it when Willy yells at her to shut up, because he loves her. He doesnt want his mom to worried about Willy, because he knows of Willys affair. Biff has a odd relationship with Happy. They had a good relationship when they were young, but now, Biff doesnt seem to have too much respect for Happy. Happy doesnt seem to take too much care of Willy, and Biff doesnt respect him because of this. .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 , .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .postImageUrl , .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 , .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252:hover , .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252:visited , .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252:active { border:0!important; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252:active , .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252 .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4ed9f7342c8b08e0eef7fe7ecb1a252:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: President Washington 's Phenomenal Tactics And Confidence EssayBiff is an interesting character. He thinks he knows who he is, but he doesnt. he steals everything, but doesnt know why. He keeps thinking that e is wasting his life out west on farms, but keeps going back. He acts like he hates his father because of the affair, but he really loves him Biff is a mixed up character.