Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay The Birth of a Monster Frankenstein can be [home-3. tiscali. nl] read as a tale of what happens when a man tries to create a child without a woman. It can, however, also be read as an account of a womans anxieties and insecurities about her own creative and reproductive capabilities. Among the deviations from the original book is the creation of the monster bride. In the book, the creation asks Victor Frankenstein to fashion a monster woman for him. He reluctantly agrees, but destroys the creature right before he is about to breathe life into it. However, in the film he goes through with his plan only after the monster murders Elizabeth on their wedding night by thrusting his hand into her chest and ripping out her heart [home-3. tiscali. nl]. Victor then takes Elizabeths body back to his laboratory, where he attaches her head to the exhumed body of Justine, the nanny. He then galvanizes this new body and brings Elizabeth back as a horrific bride. When the monster approaches thinking that the bride is meant for him, a stand-off occurs before the bride kills herself by fire [home-3. tiscali. nl]. Male Friendship in Jamess Short Stories Jamess short stories focus on the theme of male friendship [glbtq. com]. Texts like The Pupil (1890) portray relationships between older men and their proteges associations. The Beast in the Jungle (1903) comprises a case study of homosexual panic. Moreover, stories like The Jolly Corner (1908), which involves a protagonist who confronts himself as he might have been, had he not left America for a solitary existence in Europe. It dramatizes the ways in which the protagonist comes to embrace heterosexual love. This might suggest that Jamess portrayals of women suffer as a result of the privileged male relationships in his short stories. To a certain extent, this is true at the same time Jamess [glbtq. com]treatment of women is also skillful. This has led many feminist critics to applaud his representations of femininity. James did not support womens rights and was frequently quite dismissive of female writers but his female characters are among the most positively represented in British and American literature. In turn, although Jamess ambivalence toward gay love and lifestyles propels his fiction, his portrayals of male friendships are provocative and powerful. Indeed, the fated nature of these relationships testifies not only to Jamess inability to conceive of a space wherein homosexual love might be dramatized, it also points to the pall cast by the Wilde trials, wherein the specter of Oscar shadowed the comportment of many gay men of his age. James, caught within a myriad of conflicting cultural positionsan American living in Europe, a gay man living in a normative heterosexual worldwas able to channel his own marginality into literary texts that document the anxieties of his age, be they social, sexual, or cultural [glbtq. com]. Conclusion The Queer theory is a theory of sociology (or philosophy), which criticizes mainly the concept of gender, feminism, and the preconceived idea of genetic determinism in the sexual preference. Although homosexuality and queer practices are nothing new, the association between queer practices and deviancy is taking on new meaning in the modern world as queer community and queer culture becomes more apparent. Queer culture is not limited to queer sex. Queer culture, from an ideological standpoint, represents the queer community and its arts, lifestyles, institutions, writings, politics, relationships and everything else encompassed in culture. Queer culture in general is intertwining with the common normative culture, with people being exposed to the ideas of â€Å"gay pride† and becoming more educated about queer studies in schools and society. Reference: Barris, S[24/07/2007 ] GAINING THE RIGHT TO SPEAK AT THE UN http://www. ilga. org/news_results. asp? LanguageID=1FileID=1090FileCategory=44ZoneID=7 Coming Out as Transgender http://www. hrc. org/Content/NavigationMenu/Coming_Out/Get_Informed4/Coming_Out_as_Transgender/Coming_Out_as_Transgender.htm Commentaries on Seidman, Meeks and Traschen: `Beyond the Closet? : After the Closet Bech Sexualities. 1999; 2: 343-346 http://sexualities. sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/2/3/343. â€Å"Epistemology of the closet†, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, in â€Å"The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader†, Routledge, New York, London, 1993 [italico da autora, sublinhados e gordos nossos] http://branconolilas. no. sapo. pt/sedgwick. htm Foucault: The History of Sexuality http://www. ipce. info/ipceweb/Library/history_of_sexuality. htm.

Educating Rita Essay -- Educating Rita Literature Essays

Educating Rita 1. When we are first introduced to Rita she is a hairdresser. How would you define her in terms of her social class? Support your ideas with examples from the film and elsewhere e.g. the most recent classification system used to define social class. (P2) I would define her in terms of her social class as a snobby person. She fits in a working class D, the way she speaks (language) is different the type of clothes she wears is different, she wears mini skirts. The environment Rita lives in is run down and dirty there is no front garden and no green space. 2. In details discuss how physical, social and economic factors have combined to affect Rita’s personal development and self-concept and that of others? (M1) Physically Rita has been smoking and she has been on the pill and other wise she is in good health. Rita works long hours and she is in a lot of stress. Rita marriage is going nowhere; she is deceiving her husband by not telling him that she is on the pill. Socially Rita is not very out going but she is a hairdresser she does meet different people. Rita feels left out at the university because she feels that she does not fit in and the other students won’t accept her. 3. Using the information you have gathered about Rita consider the ways in which her life has changed since she began her degree course. Evaluate the effects of social and economic factors on Rita’s growth and development and that of others. Support your ideas with examples from the film and from other sources? (D1) The way Rita’s life has changed is that she is more confident and she knows what she wants. Rita appreciates the environment out side her experience and starts to go to ... ... her normal colour and looked very smartly dressed. Her tutor was shocked to see her different. Frank had his own problems he found out that his girl friend was having an affair with some one else. He was very depressed and had lack of confidence in him self. Most people find it difficult to cope with out a partner. Their self-asteam falls dramatically, they become stressed and they don’t feel good about them selves. Many people try to commit suicide when they don’t find any solutions for there problems. May people can pretend that they are strong and can cope with divorce and loss of family members. Rita was strong and she became what she wanted to be. Rita had a lot of stress when her husband was not supporting. When Rita divorced Denny she felt lonely and went away and found her self a flat and from there on she fought her way through her problems.

To what extent was there political and economic reform in the years 1906-1916?

To what extent was there political and economic reform in the years 1906-1916? In the years 1906-1916 there was some economic reform made my Stolypin and some political reform made by the four Dumas. Stolypin made his land reforms and other agricultural reforms in order to improve agriculture and increase production. However he was not majorly successful in constructing economic reforms to improve conditions in cities. The tsar had allowed an elected legislative assembly (Duma) which was in place for the first time.However the concessions the tsar made in the October manifesto after the 1905 revolution were expedients rather than real reforms. The Duma did not become a limitation on the tsar’s autocratic powers. This essay will look at both the extent to which there was political and economic reform in the years 1906-1916 by referring to Stolypin’s reforms, the strengths and weaknesses of the Duma, as well as the government’s involvement in political and economic reform. Stolypin was one factor which contributed to the economic reform in the years 1906-1916.Stolypin made reforms which contributed in modernising Russian agriculture and making it more productive. For example he passed a law that made it easier for peasants to break away from communes, allowing them to move freely around Russia. The peasants’ land bank was also promoted by Stolypin to give more loans to peasants and hence encourage them to move to the undeveloped agricultural areas of Siberia with the incentive of cheap land financed by the government loans. Stolypin’s reforms meant that increasing the number of peasants landowners who farmed more efficiently would lead to fewer Russian peasants being needed to farm land.They then had to move to the cities to gain employment, which helped in meeting the increasing demand for workers in cities. It could be argued that his land reforms were a success as in 1905, 20 per cent of peasants owned land which by 1915 incr eased to 50 per cent. Agricultural production had also increased from 45. 9 million tonnes in 1906 to 61. 7 million tonnes in 1913. These figures illustrate that the reforms he introduced had an enormous impact in the improvement of agriculture and production suggesting that Stolypin had made significant reforms and the years 1906-1916 were a period of major economic reform.However on the other hand it could be argued that Stolypins ideas were not as helpful in economic reform as although he had helped in agricultural production; he had done little to improve the cities. For example industries where most of the profit is generated were not developed and even thought he had helped peasants and brought great changes to the Russian countryside, he had not done much to improve living and working conditions of Russia’s industrial workers suggesting that there were little economic reforms in 1906-1916.With limited industrialisation Russia could not supply its self with all the requ ired goods and could not export goods and products to different countries hence their balance of payments and economic state was affected negatively; conveying that there was restricted economic reform in 1906-1916. The four Dumas from 1906- 1917 were a factor which contributed to the political reform in Russia in the years 1906-1916. In 1906 there was an elected legislative assembly (The first Duma) for the first time.All Dumas throughout the period questioned ministers and some were critics of the tsarist system. The amount of laws they were able to pass were limited, but the Dumas could be seen as a huge political reform as before 1906 there was no any form of democratic parliament but rather only the tsar ruled Russia. No one ever dared to question the tsarist system, but there was now a huge improvement and a step forward to what the people of Russia wanted a democratic power.However The Dumas were simply allowed by the tsar to give the appearance of a democratic government and so were not so significant in political reform in 1906-1916. The Dumas were very limited in their actions and the laws they could pass, as they had to be agreed by the tsar. For example the first Duma in 1906 had 319 requests of Laws but only 2 were passed. The tsars ‘Fundamental Laws’ hugely limited the powers of the Dumas and portrayed that things had still not changed majorly, the tsar was still the ruler of Russia and made the main decisions of running the country.This is further intensified by the fact that the tsar had dismissed the first two Dumas in 1906 and 1907 as they were strong critics of the tsarist system and voiced their anger as the ‘Supreme Autocratic Power’ still belonged to the tsar. This contrasts with the 3rd and 4rth Dumas which were kept for longer as were less critics of the tsarist system and were rather supportive. This clearly illustrates that there was limited political reform in 1906-1916 as the tsar was still the main ruler o f Russia and the Dumas were still not able to pass on laws which would improve the state of Russia.Finally although the policies of Stolypin and the introduction of the Duma were important advances, they were not enough to end the tsarist system or make significant political and economic reforms. There was very little political and economic reform in 1906-1916 which was partly because of the tsarist system, but also because of the tsars and governments resistance to make reforms. The government, the Dumas and the tsar also did not cooperate with each other to make changes but rather had their own interests, leading to the obstruction of reform.

Restorative Justice Is A System Of Criminal Justice

Restorative justice is a system of criminal justice that focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large. Understanding the definition may be really hard to understand, however when we put it in a different form that many can understand it comes down to repair, encounter and transformation. Our book describes restorative justice in three parts as accountability, community protection and competency development (Sieh, 2006). Accountability gives the offender the opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. The offender needs to acknowledge that the behavior that was committed resulted from a choice, and that they had a choice to not commit this criminal act that affected the victim greatly. Along with acknowledgement, it is also taking action to repair the harm that was committed (Guide For Implementing the Balanced and Restorative Justice Model, n.d.). The offender also needs to make the necessary changes to avoid this same behavior in the future and committing a criminal act in the future. With accountability as a goal a process and the offender are guided through the process by many participating individuals within the justice system. The probation or parole officers may be on the front line to help guide the offender through the process and allow them to have the face to face meeting with community members or the victim. There needs to be a support system, this can include family, extendedShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice : The Criminal Justice System987 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept in the criminal justice arena, restorative justice has become a popular tool in the fields of both victimology and criminology (Doble Greene, 2000). According to Doble Greene, (2000) Restorative justice has been defined as: â€Å"A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that include all stakeholders.† Unlike the traditional criminal justice system, restorative justice main focus isRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Criminal Justice System2380 Words   |  10 PagesTo What Extent Should Restorative Justice be incorporated within the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales? (2500 words) This essay will look into the notion of restorative justice and its relationship with the criminal justice system in England and Wales. Furthermore, it will also seek to show the extent of the relationship that the two hold. 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Despite the harsh criticism of restorative justice, it has received judicial recognition in a number of cases recentlyRead MoreLeadership And Management Of Restorative Justice1193 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management of Restorative Justice To address the increasing recidivism rate among offenders in the juvenile and adult criminal justice system, comprehensive restorative justice programs should expand to a much wider faction of the United States criminal justice system. Programs should be implemented on federal, state, and local levels to effectively and efficiently achieve this goal. The goals that should be strived for must be kept in mind so that adequate progress can be made andRead MoreRESTORATIVE JUSTICE1036 Words   |  5 Pages Restorative Justice Introduction to Criminal Court Systems - CJA 224 January 20, 2014 Michael S. 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